National Institute of Standards and Technology – Page 2

Optofluidic Temperature and Pressure Measurements with Fiber Bragg Gratings Embedded in Microfluidic Devices

Cooksey G.A., Wright J.D., Ahmed Z., National Institute of Standards and Technology, US

(INTRODUCTION) The integration of photonic sensors into microfluidic devices provides opportunities for dynamic measurement of chemical and physical properties of fluids in very small volumes. Microfluidic platforms provide sub-microliter control of fluid transport and mixing [...]

Optical Fluorescence Microscopy for Spatially Characterizing Electron Transfer across a Solid-Liquid Interface on Heterogeneous Electrodes

Choudhary E., National Institute of Standards and Technology, US

Heterogeneous catalytic materials and electrodes are used for (electro)chemical transformations, including those important for energy storage and utilization. Due to the heterogeneous nature of these materials, activity measurements with sufficient spatial resolution are needed to [...]

Nanoelectronic Structural Information with Scanning Probe Microscopes

Kopanski J., You L., Ahn J.J., Obeng Y., National Institute of Standards and Technology, US

Scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) have remarkable sensitivity to the surface. The atomic force microscope (AFM) can measure surface topography and the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) can interrogate the electrical density of states, both with atomic [...]

The Study of Surface Accumulated Silica Nanoparticles from “Weathered” Polymer Nanocomposites Using ICP-OES

Rabb S.A., Stanley D., Sung L., Nguyen T., Yu L.L., National Institute of Standards and Technology, US

The impact of nanoparticles on the environment and, more importantly, the human population has been of great interest for the past few years. Release of these nanoparticles from different materials from wear or climate exposure [...]

Multi-method analysis of multiwall carbon nanotube polymer nanocomposite after photodegradation

Petersen E.J., Lam T., Gorham J., Scott K., Long C., Sharma R., Sung L.P., Liddle J.A., Nguyen T., National Institute of Standards and Technology, US

Nanomaterials can be used as nanofillers to enhance the properties of polymeric materials. However, the effect of weathering on nanocomposites and the potential for nanomaterial release is not yet well known. This stems partly from [...]

Potential artifacts when evaluating the ecotoxicological effects of nanomaterials

Petersen E.J., Henry T.B., Zhao J., MacCuspie R.I., Kirschling T.L., Xing B., Dobrovolskaia M.A., Hackley V., White J.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology, US

Novel physicochemistries of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) offer considerable commercial potential for new products and processes, but also the possibility of unforeseen and negative consequences upon ENM release into the environment. Investigations of ENM ecotoxicity have [...]

Nanogenotoxicity Measurements of Oxidative DNA Damage Using Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

Petersen E., Jaruga P., Dizdaroglu M., Nelson B., National Institute of Standards and Technology, US

Hyphenated mass spectrometry (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) techniques have been employed as one of the primary analytical tools for investigating the effects of ionizing radiation, chemical/biological carcinogens and oxygen derived free radicals on the induction and [...]

Potential artifacts when evaluating the ecotoxicological effects of nanomaterials

Petersen E.J., Henry T.B., Zhao J., MacCuspie R.I., Kirschling T.L., Xing B., Dobrovolskaia M.A., Hackley V., White J.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology, US

Novel physicochemistries of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) offer considerable commercial potential for new products and processes, but also the possibility of unforeseen and negative consequences upon ENM release into the environment. Investigations of ENM ecotoxicity have [...]

Using single particle ICP-MS as a tool for understanding metallonanoparticles transformation during nanotoxicity assays

Johnson M.E., Hanna S.K., Petersen E.J., Nelson B.C., Yu L.L., National Institute of Standards and Technology, US

The work presented will establish a method for employing SP-ICP-MS toward the characterization of ENPs following their exposure to a model organism, C. elegans. Sample preparation, SP-ICP-MS analysis, data processing, particulate transport efficiency evaluation, and [...]

The Study of Surface Accumulated Silica Nanoparticles from “Weathered” Polymer Nanocomposites Using ICP-OES

Rabb S.A., Stanley D., Sung L., Nguyen T., Yu L.L., National Institute of Standards and Technology, US

The impact of nanoparticles on the environment and, more importantly, the human population has been of great interest for the past few years. Release of these nanoparticles from different materials from wear or climate exposure [...]