A Low-Voltage Droplet Manipulation via Tunable Wetting on a Polypyrrole (DBS) Surface

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Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) technique has been used to manipulate microliter-sized individual droplets for microfluidic application. However, EWOD-based techniques typically require relatively high actuation voltages (12-80V), which is undesirable for biomedical applications or the applications [...]